Brain Drain or Brain Circulation? The Impact of Gaza’s 7th October War on the Displaced Academicians and Personnel of Higher Education Institutions

Authors

  • Asmaa Abusamra University of Oslo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v24i10.7309

Keywords:

higher education, war, Gaza, crisis management, displacement, academicians, safe education

Abstract

The unprecedented Gaza war in October 2023 had a catastrophic impact on the Palestinian higher education sector in the Gaza Strip: deaths, injuries, psychological trauma to educators, and destruction to educational premises and their facilities. Major concerns include displacement, diminished access to education, and the subsequent exodus of qualified professionals from the country. These factors are exacerbated by increasing reduction or complete cessation of education, and infrastructure degradation in the war zone areas. This study aims to explore and examine the impact of the Gaza war crisis on higher education academicians and personnel which has intrinsically hampered education, research, and science. This study adopts a qualitative method by interviewing university academicians from Gaza addressing the impact of the war crisis on their careers. These interviews scope the barriers and sketch the scale and nature of challenges for the higher educational sector during the war aiming to record the most important decisions and interventions to maintain the continuity of the education process forward.

References

Abed Alah, M. (2024). Shattered hierarchy: How the Gaza conflict demolished Maslow’s pyramid of needs. Current Psychology, 43(21), 19562–19568. doi: 10.1007/s12144-024-05784-1

Abusamra, A. (2023). Why do we need to reform higher education management in Palestine? Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(5), 62–90. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/17afba2c60f1acc654f12b4039541541/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=766331&casa_token=O1wd0grQqCUAAAAA:f4hLevDl9vARZ8aiiN6-sKV6yy7uWbSg7RC-FM3f4nf8sh7jxIrO3ziDh-JimvTvFRou8v2vFg

Abusmara, A., & Triwiyanto, T. (n.d.). Leadership studies. Retrieved from https://johepal.com/browse.php?a_id=351&sid=1&slc_lang=en&ftxt=1

Ahmed, A.S. (2013). The thistle and the drone: How America’s war on terror became a global war on tribal Islam. Brookings Institution Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=ar&lr=&id=F6mp5AVNbtAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Ahmed+(2013)+war&ots=9rhWC49Fdw&sig=btJOEpUfVaNbOvdSW85n3QTrrnI

Ali Abou-AL-Ross, S., & AlWaheidi, T.N. (2021). The impact of living conditions and organizational practices as brain drain cause factors on the human resource assets of the health sector in the Gaza Strip – Palestine. Global Journal of Economics and Business, 11(2), 297–314. doi:10.31559/GJEB2021.11.2.10

Alzaroo, S., & Hunt, G.L. (2003). Education in the context of conflict and instability: The Palestinian case. Social Policy & Administration, 37(2), 165–180. doi: 10.1111/1467-9515.00332

Barakat, S., Milton, S., & Elkahlout, G. (2018). The Gaza reconstruction mechanism: Old wine in new bottlenecks. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 12(2), 208–227. doi:10.1080/17502977.2018.1450336

Baramki, G. (2010a). Education against all odds. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 15(2). Retrieved from https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/56136/1/MJES15%282%29full.pdf#page=11

Baramki, G. (2010b). Peaceful resistance: Building a Palestinian university under occupation. London: Pluto Press. Retrieved from https://fada.birzeit.edu/bitstream/20.500.11889/8179/1/Peaceful%20resistance%20%20building%20a%20Palestinian%20university%20under%20occupation.pdf

Brown, A.D. (2017). Identity work and organizational identification. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(3), 296–317. doi: 10.1111/ijmr.12152

Bruhn, A. (2006). The inspector’s dilemma under regulated self-regulation. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 4(2), 3–23. doi: 10.1080/14774003.2006.11667679

Chabin, M. (2023). Israel-Hamas war shakes scientific community. Science, 382(6669), 362. doi:10.1126/science.adl5526

Friese, S. (2019). Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS.ti (pp. 1–344). Retrieved from https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5018383

GCPEA News. (n.d.). A Gaza Vocational College Devastated by the War. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://protectingeducation.org/news/a-gaza-vocational-college-devastated-by-the-war/

Gómez, D.R. (2017). When war enters the classroom. In (Re)constructing memory: Education, identity, and conflict (pp. 269–289). Brill. Retrieved from https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/edcoll/9789463008600/BP000013.pdf

Hajian, S., Yazdani, S., Jadidfard, M.P., & Khoshnevisan, M.H. (2020). Factors influencing the migration intention of health professionals in low-and-middle-income countries: Critical review with a theoretical model. Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences, 6(6). Retrieved from https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/e0495744e31f73aa

Hass, A. (2012, September 27). High Court rejects Gaza students’ petition to study in West Bank. Haaretz.

Jebril, M. (2023). Between construction and destruction: The experience of educationalists at Gaza’s universities. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 53(6), 986–1004. doi: 10.1080/03057925.2021.1987190

Jebril, M.A. (2018). Academic life under occupation: The impact on educationalists at Gaza’s universities [PhD thesis]. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/5c9833a9-33fe-4baf-8b0e-24fd0d691d4b

Jones, E. (2020). A mixed-method exploration of the impact of PTSD in UK military veterans and their families [PhD thesis, UCL (University College London)]. UCL (University College London). Retrieved from https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10111548/

Kapeliouk, O. (1985). The Palestinian universities under occupation. Arab Studies Quarterly, pp. 88–91. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857771?casa_token=d5Z4FvqrTEYAAAAA: kvELMSxKAJ8zvasj8YqQ99XlU4XAo3-g3nMaWpKLTBdbc4ssoUyz5GrYnZ3eClTAwJAI7 UM13MFIMfnppCUeuDxtkbGrwy0lfmf-zD1TUlZp4Siq7Vo

Kapeliouk, O. (2024). The Palestinian universities under occupation.

Kostelny, K., & Wessells, M. (2010). Psychosocial assessment of education in Gaza and recommendations for response. Retrieved from https://policycommons.net/artifacts/8329249/psychosocial-assessment-of-education-in-gaza-and-recommendations-for-response/9259620/

Leach, F., & Dunne, M. (2007). Education, conflict and reconciliation: International perspectives. Peter Lang.

Lopez, S.J., Pedrotti, J.T., & Snyder, C.R. (2018). Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=ar&lr=&id=arRoDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Lopez+(2018)&ots=5I9RN9Qarm&sig=n3qGrifgAXU4s83IaPCRhnUKOaw

Maira, S. (2018). Boycott!: The academy and justice for Palestine (Vol. 4). University of California Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=ar&lr=&id=N8U3DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=scholasticide&ots=4KpIuhQ0Rl&sig=fdauSy2wnyZboEoq6RSCgBM5jeQ

Marchenko, T. (2023). Higher education during the war time in Ukraine. Scientific Journal of Polonia University, 59(4), 49–57. doi: 10.23856/5907

Marshall, D.J. (2016). ‘All the beautiful things’: Trauma, aesthetics and the politics of Palestinian childhood. In The beginning of politics (pp. 53–73). Routledge. Retrieved from https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315751726-4/beautiful-things-trauma-aesthetics-politics-palestinian-childhood-david-jones-marshall

Maxwell, J.A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. SAGE Publications.

Milton, S., Elkahlout, G., & Barakat, S. (2023). Protecting higher education from attack in the Gaza Strip. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 53(6), 1024–1042. doi:10.1080/03057925.2021.1987192

Minoia, P., & Taher, T. (2024). Resistance-existence within and against education in colonized lands. In Justice-oriented, postcolonial and postcapitalist transformations. Routledge. Retrieved from https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/publications/resistance-existence-within-and-against-education-in-colonized-la

Novelli, M., & Selenica, E. (2014). Protecting higher education from attack. In Education under attack 2014 (pp. 99–108). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ervjola-Selenica/publication/356187892_Protecting_higher_education_from_attack/links/618fc7ae61f09877209070e8/Protecting-higher-education-from-attack.pdf

Obe, G.F., Khan, A., Jewell, D., & Jameel, S. (2024). Responding to the war in Israel and Palestine. British Journal of General Practice, 74(739), 76–76. doi: 10.3399/bjgp24X736257

Omar, A. (2024). Bleeding forms: Beyond the Intifada. Critical Times, 11216928. Retrieved from https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article-abstract/doi/10.1215/26410478-11216928/386299

One year after—Gaza early recovery and reconstruction needs assessment—Occupied Palestinian Territory. (2010, May 20). ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/one-year-after-gaza-early-recovery-and-reconstruction-needs

Patel, C. (2020). People out of place: Developing a human rights research agenda on internally displaced persons. In A research agenda for human rights (pp. 37–49). Retrieved from https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/edcoll/9781788973076/9781788973076.00008.xml

Paulson, J., Barakat, B., & Karpinska, Z. (2008). Desk study: Education and fragility. Retrieved from http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/id/eprint/2556

Paz, R. (2000). Higher education and the development of Palestinian Islamic groups. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 4(2), 81–94. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/download/36040685/HIGHER_EDUCATION_AND_THE_DEVELOPMENT_OF_PALESTINIAN_ISLAMIC_GROUPS.pdf

Paz, R. (2009). The development of Palestinian Islamic groups. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/14511968.pdf

Ramallah, U.O. in, Kostelny, K., & Wessells, M. (n.d.). Psychosocial assessment of education in Gaza and recommendations for response. Policy Commons. Retrieved from https://policycommons.net/artifacts/8329249/psychosocial-assessment-of-education-in-gaza-and-recommendations-for-response/9259620/

ReliefWeb. (2018, November 20). Global Education Monitoring Report 2019: Migration, displacement and education: Building bridges, not walls [EN/AR/RU/ZH]. Retrieved July 5, 2024, from https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-education-monitoring-report-2019-migration-displacement-and-education-building

Report on UNCTAD assistance to the Palestinian people: Developments in the economy of the occupied Palestinian territory*. (n.d.).

Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N. (2009). Militarization and violence against women in conflict zones in the Middle East: A Palestinian case-study. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511626852

Starcke, K., & Brand, M. (2012). Decision making under stress: A selective review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(4), 1228–1248. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763412000218

The New Humanitarian. (2009, March 26). Tough times for university students in Gaza. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2009/03/26/tough-times-university-students-gaza

United Nations. (n.d.). Rapid assessment of higher education institutions in Gaza: Data Analysis Report - UNESCO report - Question of Palestine. Question of Palestine. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-205867/

Webster, P., & Neal, K. (2022). War and public health. Journal of Public Health, 44(2), 215–216. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdac060

Wilson, R.J. (2015). Still fighting in the trenches: ‘War discourse’ and the memory of the First World War in Britain. Memory Studies, 8(4), 454–469. doi: 10.1177/1750698015575174

Downloads

Published

2024-10-27

How to Cite

Abusamra, A. (2024). Brain Drain or Brain Circulation? The Impact of Gaza’s 7th October War on the Displaced Academicians and Personnel of Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 24(10). https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v24i10.7309

Issue

Section

Articles