Cross-Cultural Competencies in Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI): A Primer for Business Instructors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v24i9.7260Keywords:
higher education, language, culture, Hispanic serving institution (HIS), andragogy, pedagogyAbstract
Graduates from Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Business (STEMB) schools are in high demand, driven by technological advancements and expanding industries. While these graduates excel in quantitative and empirical skills, there’s a recognized need for improved interpersonal abilities. This paper responds by introducing culturally sensitive elements to enhance pedagogical approaches in academic settings, focusing on business schools in Hispanic Serving Institutions. Unlike some diversity training programs, which may employ shame-oriented methods, our research prioritizes understanding cultural nuances. Specifically tailored to enrich the educational experience of Hispanic students, this approach aims to bridge skill gaps and foster inclusivity, contributing to the overall proficiency and adaptability of STEMB graduates in a dynamic labor market.
References
Acevedo, R.A., & Cirocco, L.B. (2017). How socialism ruined Venezuela. The Austrian, 3(5), 4–7.
Baker, B. (2018). On-line education – Our future or a fad? A short case study. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 18(4).
Baker, B. (2021). Chávez’s Bolivarian Republic viewed with a quality lens. Journal of Management Policy & Practice, 22(3), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.33423/jmpp.v22i3.4679
Baker, B. (2022). White-trash autoethnography: An analysis of CRT fact and logic flaws. Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics, 19(1), 98–126. https://doi.org/10.33423/jlae.v19i1.4997
Baker, B. (2023a). Anti-fascist (Antifa) fallacies: A primer for businesses. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 25(1). Retrieved from https://articlegateway.com/index.php/JABE/article/view/5821
Baker, B. (2023b). Poor management policies and practices by U.S. politicians destroyed a superpower. Journal of Management Policy & Practice, 24(1), 71–117. https://doi.org/10.33423/jmpp.v24i1.6030
Baker, B. (2023c). Systemic poverty, not systemic racism: An ethnography, analysis & critique. Journal of Business Diversity, 23(2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.33423/jbd.v23i2.6164
Baker, B. (2023d). Evolution of anti-slavery sentiments from 1776 to 1865 & a critique of reparations. Journal of Business Diversity, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.33423/jbd.v23i3.6419
Baker, B. (2024a). Higher education & systemic racism hyperbole. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v24i1.6758
Baker, B. (2024b). Killing small businesses – A Covid case study. Journal of Leadership, Accountability, and Ethics, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.33423/jlae.v21i1.6777
Baker, B. (2024c). Orwell’s 1984 revisited: Woke vocabulary and uncivil discourse. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, 24(1), 62–101. https://doi.org/10.62477/jkmp.v24i1.205
Banks, J.A. (1988). Approaches to multicultural curriculum reform. Beyond heroes & holidays. Retrieved from https://www.teachingforchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Banks_James.pdf
Banks, J.A. (2003). Teaching strategies for ethnic studies (7th Ed.). Pearson Education Group, Inc.
Bell, R.L. (2023). If there is ‘systemic racism’ in America, then why are there so many Black millionaires? Journal of Business Diversity, 23(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.33423/jbd.v23i1.5864
Bernal, R. (2018, September 21). Yale, MIT study: 22 million, not 11 million, undocumented immigrants in US. The Hill. Retrieved from https://thehill.com/latino/407848-yale-mit-study-22-million-not-11-million-undocumented-immigrants-in-us/
Bezrukova, K., Spell, C.S., Perry, J.L., & Jehn, K.A. (2022). A meta-analytical integration of over 40 years of research on diversity training evaluation. American Psychological Association Bulletin, 142(11), 1227–1274. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27618543/
Blankley, B. (2023, June 25). Illegal aliens since 2021 total more than individual populations of 38 states; illegal crossings top 8 million since Biden took office. The Center Square. Retrieved from https://highlandcountypress.com/illegal-aliens-2021-total-more-individual-populations-38-states-illegal-crossings-top-8-million#gsc.tab=0
Bryce, K., Durand, E.Y., Macpherson, J.M., Reich, D., & Mountain, J.L. (2015). The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States. American Journal of Human Genetics, 96(1), 37–53. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289685/
Buchholz, K. (2023, January 9). Southern border apprehensions at all-time high. Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/chart/20326/mexicans-non-mexcians-apprehended-at-southern-us-border/
Burkholder, M., & Johnson, L. (2019). Colonial Latin America (10th Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
CBP. (2024a). Total CBP enforcement actions. Customs and Border Patrol (CBP). Retrieved from https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/cbp-enforcement-statistics
CBP. (2024b, April 12). Total criminal convictions by type. Customs and Border Patrol (CBP). Retrieved from https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/cbp-enforcement-statistics/criminal-noncitizen-statistics
Chagnon, N.A. (1992). Yanomamo: The last days of Eden. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Chavez, C. (2023). Education of the heart: Cesar Chavez in his own words. Cesar E. Chavez Foundation. Retrieved from https://ufw.org/research/history/education-heart-cesar-chavez-words/
Courtois, S., Werth, N., Panne, J.L., Packowski, A., Bartosek, K., & Margolin, J.L. (1999). The Black Book of Communism: Crime, terror, repression. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Cramblet-Alvarez, L.D., Beeton, R.P., Saenz, C.N., & Schell (Beez), L.A. (2023). Redesigning the HSI curricular experience: Moving from Hispanic enrolling to Hispanic serving. Journal of Latinos and Education, 22(4), 1538–1547. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348431.2021.1998900
Douglass, F. (n.d.). Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass. Retrieved from http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/fdouglass/bl-fdoug-narrative-11.htm
FILAC. (2023). Who are the indigenous and tribal peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean? Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/cb2953en/online/src/html/who-are-the-indigenous-and-tribal-peoples-of-latin-america-and-the-caribbean.html#tab1
Fisher, R., Ury, W.L., & Patton, B. (1991). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in. Houghton Mifflin.
Gates, Jr., H.L. (2017). 100 amazing facts about the Negro. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Kindle.
Greene, D., & Oesterreich, H.A. (2012). White profs at Hispanic-serving institutions: Radical revolutionaries or complicit colonists? Journal of Latinos and Education, 11(3), 168–174.
Hall, E. (1959). The silent language. New York: Doubleday.
Hall, E. (1966). The hidden dimension. New York: Doubleday.
Hall, E. (1976). Beyond culture. New York: Doubleday.
Hall, E. (1983). The dance of life: The other dimension of time. New York: Doubleday.
Hall, E., & Hall, M. (1990). Understanding cultural differences: Germans, French, and Americans. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press.
Halverson, C.B. (2023). Cultural context inventory. Retrieved from https://www2.pacific.edu/sis/culture/pub/Context_Cultures_High_and_Lo.htm
Haskell, D.M. (2024a). What DEI research concludes about diversity training: It is divisive, counter-productive, and unnecessary. The Aristotle Foundation. Retrieved from https://aristotlefoundation.org/reality-check/what-dei-research-concludes-about-diversity-training-it-is-divisive-counter-productive-and-unnecessary/
Haskell, D.M. (2024b). DEI should die. The Aristotle Foundation. Retrieved from https://aristotlefoundation.org/columns/dei-should-die/
Hayes, E.N. (2020). Black Latinos are recognized, but the 2020 Census is finally legitimizing the Native heritage of many Latinx. ResearchGate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343112116
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Hofstede, G. (1991a). Cultures and organizations. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill.
Hofstede, G. (1991b). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the mind. London, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hofstede, G. (2008). A summary of my ideas about national culture differences. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/117374289/Hofstede-A-Summary-of-My-Ideas-About-Organizational-Cultures#
Hofstede, G. (2023). Country comparisons. The Hofstede Center. Retrieved from https://geert-hofstede.com/countries.html
Hollinger, D.A. (2011). The concept of post-racial: How its easy dismissal obscures important questions. Daedalus, 140(1), 174–182. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25790452
Jones, J. (2022). Another sweeping wave of resource nationalism in Latin America: How to protect your investment. Jones Day Research. Retrieved from https://www.jonesday.com/en/insights/2022/02/another-sweeping-wave-of-resource-nationalism-in-latin-america-how-to-protect-your-investment
Kennedy, S., Richwine, J., & Camarota, S.A. (2022, October 11). Misuse of Texas data understates illegal immigrant criminality. Center for Immigration Studies (CIS). Retrieved from https://cis.org/Report/Misuse-Texas-Data-Understates-Illegal-Immigrant-Criminality
Kim, A.B. (Ed.). (2023). The index of economic freedom. Heritage Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2023/book/2023_IndexOfEconomicFreedom_FINAL.pdf
King, M.L. (1948). The purpose of education. Speech at Morehouse College. Retrieved from https://projects.seattletimes.com/mlk/words-education.html#:~:text=Education%20must%20enable%20one%20to,intensively%20and%20to%20think%20critically
Koop, F. (2023, June 22). Latin America slows recognition of Indigenous lands. Diálogo Chino. Retrieved from https://dialogochino.net/en/infrastructure/371869-latin-america-slows-recognition-of-indigenous-lands/#:~:text=Latin%20America%20is%20lagging%20in,of%20over%20150%20grassroots%20organisations
Krogstad, J., Alvarado, J., & Mohamed, B. (2022, April 13). Among U.S. Latinos, Catholicism continues to decline but is still the largest faith share of Latinos who are religiously unaffiliated continues to grow. Pew Research. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/04/13/among-u-s-latinos-catholicism-continues-to-decline-but-is-still-the-largest-faith
LOC. (2023). Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Library of Congress (LOC). Retrieved from https://guides.loc.gov/treaty-guadalupe-hidalgo
Mason, E. (2016, September 29). UN panel says the U.S. owes reparations to African-Americans. The Nation. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/reparations-african-americans-un
Mises, L.v. (1944). Human action (reprint ed.). New Rochelle, N. Y.: Arlington House.
Mises, L.v. (1957). The best of Ludwig von Mises. American Institute for Economic Research. Kindle Edition.
Mises, L.v. (1961). Planned chaos. Mises Institute. Retrieved from https://mises.org/library/planned-chaos-0
Nevgi, A., Seppo, T., & Nishimura, S. (2008, May). The effect of high-context/low-context culture on university teachers’ use of ICTs in teaching and teaching approaches in Finland, Japan, and India. Paper presented at the London SoTL 7th International Conference “SoTL Connect: The Challenge of Boundaries for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning” (EARLI SIG Higher Education roundtable session), May 15–16, London, UK. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339483828_The_effect_of_high-contextlow-context_culture_to_university_teachers'_use_of_ICTs_in_teaching_and_to_teaching_approaches_in_Finland_Japan_and_India
Noe-Bustamante, L., Gonzales-Barrera, A., Edwards, K., Mora, L., & Hugo-Lopez, M. (2021, November 4). Measuring the racial identity of Latinos. Pew Research. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2021/11/04/measuring-the-racial-identity-of-latinos/
Parks, C.D., Joireman, J., & Van Lange, P.A.M. (2013). Cooperation, trust, and antagonism: How public goods are promoted. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 14(3), 119–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612474436
Patten, E. (2016, April 20). The Nation’s Latino population is defined by its youth: Nearly half of US-born Latinos are younger than 18. Pew Research. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2016/04/20/the-nations-latino-population-is-defined-by-its-youth/
Pew. (2022, September 19). Modest declines in positive views of ‘socialism’ and ‘capitalism’ in U.S. Pew Research. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2022/09/19/modest-declines-in-positive-views-of-socialism-and-capitalism-in-u-s/
Reisman, G. (2012). Capitalism: A treatise on economics. Jameson Books. (Original work published 1996; Kindle)
Rendon, L.I. (1994, Fall). Validating culturally diverse students: Toward a new model of learning and student development. Innovative Higher Education, 19(1).
Resendiz, J. (2022, January 24). Migrant encounters top 2 million in the calendar year 2021, on pace for repeat in 2022. Border Report. Retrieved from https://www.borderreport.com/hot-topics/immigration/migrant-encounters-top-2-million-in-calendar-year-2021-on-pace-for-repeat-in-2022/
SCOTUS - Supreme Court of the United States. (2023). Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College, Docket No. 20-1199. U.S. Supreme Court.
Sowell, T. (1994). Race and culture: A world view. New York: Basic Books.
Statista. (2022). Millionaires in the United States - Statistics & facts. Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/topics/3467/millionaires-in-the-united-states/#topicOverview
Swain, C.M., & Towle, M. (2024). The adversity of diversity. Carol Swain Enterprises, LLC. Kindle Edition.
Ury, W.L. (1981). Getting past no: Negotiating in difficult situations. Bantam Books.
Vasquez, I., McMahon, F., Murphy, R., & Schneider, G.S. (2022). The human freedom index of 2022. CATO Institute. Retrieved from https://www.cato.org/human-freedom-index/2022
Winter, R.P., Sarros, J.C., & Tanewski, G.A. (1997). Reframing managers’ control orientations and practices: A proposed organizational learning framework. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 5(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028860
Woodard, M.R., Brown-Perry, E.Y., Barnes, C.V., McClary, A.A., & Bell, R.L. (2024). How will the SCOTUS affirmative action ruling affect the integrity of university leaders? Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics, 21(1).
Zinn, M.B. (1982, Summer). Chicano men and masculinity. Journal of Ethnic Studies, 10(2), 29–44.