Corporate Cash Holdings and Advertising Spending After the Financial Crises
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v26i4.7225Keywords:
business, economics, advertising, cash holdings, interest rates, financial crisisAbstract
This paper examines the link between a firm’s characteristics and advertising budget allocation. It also shows the firm’s behavior after the Asian financial crisis and the American subprime mortgage crisis. Results show that crises can significantly impact management decisions. They can influence how multinational companies plan for their future. The study also identifies the macroeconomic factors that can influence a firm’s decision to allocate funds.
References
Aaker, D.A., & Carman, J.A. (1982). Are you over advertising? Journal of Advertising Research, 22(4), 57–70.
Acharya, V.V., Almeida, H., & Campello, M. (2007). Is cash negative debt? A hedging perspective on corporate financial policies. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 16(4), 515–554.
Balvers, R.J., Cosimano, T.F., & McDonald, B. (1990). Predicting stock returns in an efficient market. The Journal of Finance, 45(4), 1109–1135.
Barro, R.J. (1990). The stock market and investment. The Review of Financial Studies, 3(1), 115–131.
Bates, T.W., Kahle, K.M., & Stulz, R.M. (2009). Why do U.S. firms hold so much more cash than they used to? The Journal of Finance, 64(5), 1985–2021.
Beaver, W., Lambert, R., & Morse, D. (1980). The informational content of security prices. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2(1), 3–28.
Bowen, R.M., Burgstahler, D., & Daley, L.A. (1987). The incremental information content of accrual versus cash flow. The Accounting Review, 62(4), 723–747.
Burgstahler, D.C., & Dichev, I.D. (1997). Earnings, adaptation, and equity value. The Accounting Review, 72(2), 187–215.
Cochrane, J.H. (1991). Production-based asset pricing and the link between stock returns and economic fluctuations. The Journal of Finance, 46(1), 209–238.
Denis, D.J., & Sibilkov, V. (2009). Financial constraints, investment, and the value of cash holdings. The Review of Financial Studies, 23(1), 247–269.
DiPietro, W.R. (2007). The effect of advertising expenditure on household consumption: The cross country evidence. Journal of Global Business Issues, 1(1), 65–73.
Eastlack, J.O., & Rao, A.G. (1989). Advertising experiments at the Campbell Soup Company. Marketing Science, 8(1), 57–71.
Easton, P.D., & Harris, T.S. (1991). Earnings as an explanatory variable for returns. Journal of Accounting Research, 29(1), 19–36.
Estrella, A., & Mishkin, F.S. (1998). Predicting U.S. recessions: Financial variables as leading indicators. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(1), 45–61.
Fama, E.F. (1981). Stock returns, real activity, inflation and money. American Economic Review, 71(4), 545–565.
Fama, E.F., & Schwert, G.W. (1977). Asset returns and inflation. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(2), 115–146.
Fee, C.E., Hadlock, C.J., & Pierce, J.R. (2009). Investment, financing constraints, and internal capital markets: Evidence from the advertising expenditures of multinational firms. The Review of Financial Studies, 22(6), 2361–2392.
Focke, F., Ruenzi, S., & Ungeheuer, M. (2020). Advertising, attention, and financial markets. The Review of Financial Studies, 33(10), 4676–4720.
Geske, R., & Roll, R. (1983). The fiscal and monetary linkage between stock returns and inflation. The Journal of Finance, 38(1), 1–33.
Grullon, G., Kanatas, G., & Weston, J.P. (2004). Advertising, breadth of ownership, and liquidity. The Review of Financial Studies, 17(2), 439–461.
Han, S., & Qiu, J. (2007). Corporate precautionary cash holdings. Journal of Corporate Finance, 13(1), 43–57.
Harford, J., Mansi, S.A., & Maxwell, W.F. (2008). Corporate governance and firm cash holdings in the U.S. Journal of Financial Economics, 87(3), 535–555.
Haushalter, D., Klasa, S., & Maxwell, W.F. (2007). The influence of product market dynamics on a firm’s cash holdings and hedging behavior. Journal of Financial Economics, 83(3), 797–825.
Ho, Y.K., Keh, H.T., & Ong, J.M. (2005). The effect of R&D and advertising on firm value: An examination of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing firms. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 52(1), 3–14.
Hodgson, A., & Stevenson-Clarke, P. (2000). Earnings, cashflows, and returns: Functional relations and the impact of firm size. Accounting and Finance, 40(1), 51–73.
Jensen, M.C. (1986). Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers. The American Economic Review, 76(2), 323–329.
Jiang, F., Shen, Y., & Xia, X. (2024). The spillover effect of advertising on the capital market: Evidence from financial constraints. Journal of Corporate Finance, 84, Article 102529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2023.102529
Joseph, K., & Richardson, V.J. (2002). Free cash flow, agency costs, and the affordability method of advertising budgeting. Journal of Marketing, 66(1), 94–107.
Kaul, G. (1987). Stock returns and inflation: The role of the monetary sector. Journal of Financial Economics, 18(2), 253–276.
Livnat, J., & Zarowin, P. (1990). The incremental information content of cash flow components. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 13(1), 25–46.
Madsen, J., & Niessner, M. (2019). Is investor attention for sale? The role of advertising in financial markets. Journal of Accounting Research, 57(3), 763–795.
Mayer, E.J. (2021). Advertising, investor attention, and stock prices: Evidence from a natural experiment. Financial Management, 50(1), 281–314.
Nejadmalayeri, A., Mathur, I., & Singh, M. (2013). Product market advertising and corporate bonds. Journal of Corporate Finance, 19(1), 78–94.
Nerlove, M., & Arrow, K.J. (1962). Optimal advertising policy under dynamic conditions. Economica, 29(114), 129–142.
Nwaeze, E.T. (1998). Regulation and the valuation relevance of book value and earnings: Evidence from the United States. Contemporary Accounting Research, 15(4), 547–573.
O’Sullivan, D., & McCallig, J. (2012). Customer satisfaction, earnings, and firm value. European Journal of Marketing, 46(6), 827–843.
Opler, T., Pinkowitz, L., Stulz, R., & Williamson, R. (1999). The determinants and implications of corporate cash holdings. Journal of Financial Economics, 52(1), 3–46.
Palazzo, B. (2012). Cash holdings, risk, and expected returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 104(1), 162–185.
Ramakrishnan, R.T.S., & Thomas, J.K. (1992). What matters from the past: Market value, book value, or earnings? Earnings valuation and sufficient statistics for prior information. Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance, 7(4), 423–464.
Schwert, G.W. (1990). Stock returns and real activity: A century of evidence. The Journal of Finance, 45(4), 1237–1257.