Engaging Customers Towards Mobile Application Brand Attachment and Advocacy: Multigroup Analysis of Generational Differences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v26i3.7099Keywords:
business, economics, technology customer engagement, mobile service quality, brand attachment, brand advocacy, mobile banking, generational gap theoryAbstract
Technology service providers face challenges regarding the varying degrees of customer engagement of app-based services, and this phenomenon warrants an in-depth investigation. This research examines the antecedents and consequences of technology customer engagement and how generational differences play a role in the context of mobile banking applications. This research advances the current understanding by identifying mobile service quality dimensions as key determinants, proposing technology customer engagement as a significant driver of brand attachment and advocacy, and finding the moderating impact of the generational gap. This study guides technology service providers in creating a strategy to engage customers towards app-based services.
References
Ahn, J., & Back, K.-J. (2018). Influence of brand relationship on customer attitude toward integrated resort brands: A cognitive, affective, and conative perspective. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(4), 449–460.
Ahn, J., & Back, K.-J. (2019). The role of autonomy, competence and relatedness: Applying self-determination theory to the integrated resort setting. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 87–104.
Alalwan, A.A., Algharabat, R.S., Baabdullah, A.M., Rana, N.P., Qasem, Z., & Dwivedi, Y.K. (2020). Examining the impact of mobile interactivity on customer engagement in the context of mobile shopping. Journal of Enterprise Information Management.
Alalwan, A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K., & Rana, N.P. (2017). Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust. International Journal of Information Management, 37(3), 99–110.
Alalwan, A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K., Rana, N.P., & Algharabat, R. (2018). Examining factors influencing Jordanian customers’ intentions and adoption of internet banking: Extending UTAUT2 with risk. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 40, 125–138.
Algharabat, R., Rana, N.P., Alalwan, A.A., Baabdullah, A., & Gupta, A. (2020). Investigating the antecedents of customer brand engagement and consumer-based brand equity in social media. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, 101767.
Alkhowaiter, W.A. (2020). Digital payment and banking adoption research in Gulf countries: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Information Management, 53, 102102.
Alkire, L., O’Connor, G.E., Myrden, S., & Köcher, S. (2020). Patient experience in the digital age: An investigation into the effect of generational cohorts. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57, 102221.
Andalib Touchaei, S., & Hazarina Hashim, N. (2023). The antecedents of mobile banking adoption among senior citizens in Malaysia. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 1–18.
Arcand, M., PromTep, S., Brun, I., & Rajaobelina, L. (2017). Mobile banking service quality and customer relationships. International Journal of Bank Marketing.
Baabdullah, A.M., Alalwan, A.A., Rana, N.P., Kizgin, H., & Patil, P. (2019). Consumer use of mobile banking (M-Banking) in Saudi Arabia: Towards an integrated model. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 38–52.
Badrinarayanan, V., & Laverie, D.A. (2013). The role of manufacturers’ salespeople in inducing brand advocacy by retail sales associates. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 21(1), 57–70.
Bagozzi, R.P., & Dholakia, U.M. (2006). Antecedents and purchase consequences of customer participation in small group brand communities. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(1), 45–61.
Bailey, A., & Ngwenyama, O. (2010). Bridging the generation gap in ICT use: Interrogating identity, technology and interactions in community telecenters. Information Technology for Development, 16(1), 62–82.
Bangladesh Bank. (2021). Mobile financial services data. Retrieved from https://www.bb.org.bd/fnansys/paymentsys/mfsdata.php
Barreda, A.A., Bilgihan, A., Nusair, K., & Okumus, F. (2015). Generating brand awareness in online social networks. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 600–609.
Beckers, S.F., van Doorn, J., & Verhoef, P.C. (2015). Economic outcomes of customer engagement: Emerging findings, contemporary theoretical perspectives, and future challenges. Customer Engagement, pp. 21–52.
Bilro, R.G., Loureiro, S.M.C., & Ali, F. (2018). The role of website stimuli of experience on engagement and brand advocacy. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology.
Bitterman, A., & Hess, D.B. (2021). Understanding generation gaps in LGBTQ+ communities: Perspectives about gay neighborhoods among heteronormative and homonormative generational cohorts. In The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods (pp. 307–338). Cham: Springer.
Bose, S., Pradhan, S., Bashir, M., & Roy, S.K. (2022). Customer-based place brand equity and tourism: A regional identity perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 61(3), 511–527.
Brodie, R.J., Ilic, A., Juric, B., & Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 105–114.
Carstensen, L.L., Turan, B., Scheibe, S., Ram, N., Ersner-Hershfield, H., Samanez-Larkin, G.R., . . . Nesselroade, J.R. (2011). Emotional experience improves with age: Evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling. Psychology and Aging, 26(1), 21.
Chakravarty, A., Liu, Y., & Mazumdar, T. (2010). The differential effects of online word-of-mouth and critics’ reviews on pre-release movie evaluation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 24(3), 185–197.
Chang, C.-W., Ko, C.-H., Huang, H.-C., & Wang, S.-J. (2019). Brand community identification matters: A dual value-creation routes framework. Journal of Product & Brand Management.
Cheung, M.L., Leung, W.K., & Chan, H. (2020). Driving healthcare wearable technology adoption for Generation Z consumers in Hong Kong. Young Consumers.
Coursaris, C.K., & Van Osch, W. (2016). A cognitive-affective model of perceived user satisfaction (CAMPUS): The complementary effects and interdependence of usability and aesthetics in IS design. Information & Management, 53(2), 252–264.
Demangeot, C., & Broderick, A.J. (2016). Engaging customers during a website visit: A model of website customer engagement. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.
Dessart, L., Veloutsou, C., & Morgan-Thomas, A. (2016). Capturing consumer engagement: Duality, dimensionality and measurement. Journal of Marketing Management, 32(5–6), 399–426.
Djafarova, E., & Bowes, T. (2021). ‘Instagram made Me buy it’: Generation Z impulse purchases in fashion industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102345.
Dolan, R., Conduit, J., Fahy, J., & Goodman, S. (2016). Social media engagement behaviour: A uses and gratifications perspective. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 24(3–4), 261–277.
East, R., Hammond, K., & Lomax, W. (2008). Measuring the impact of positive and negative word of mouth on brand purchase probability. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 25(3), 215–224.
El Said, G.R. (2015). Understanding Knowledge Management System antecedents of performance impact: Extending the Task-technology Fit Model with intention to share knowledge construct. Future Business Journal, 1(1–2), 75–87.
Fang, J., Zhao, Z., Wen, C., & Wang, R. (2017). Design and performance attributes driving mobile travel application engagement. International Journal of Information Management, 37(4), 269–283.
France, C., Merrilees, B., & Miller, D. (2016). An integrated model of customer-brand engagement: Drivers and consequences. Journal of Brand Management, 23(2), 119–136.
Fritz, W., Sohn, S., & Seegebarth, B. (2017). Broadening the perspective on mobile marketing: An introduction. Psychology & Marketing, 34(2), 113–118.
Garbarino, E., & Johnson, M.S. (1999). The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70–87.
Giovanis, A. (2016). Consumer-brand relationships’ development in the mobile internet market: Evidence from an extended relationship commitment paradigm. Journal of Product & Brand Management.
Glavee-Geo, R., Shaikh, A.A., Karjaluoto, H., & Hinson, R.E. (2019). Drivers and outcomes of consumer engagement: Insights from mobile money usage in Ghana. International Journal of Bank Marketing.
Goyal, E., & Srivastava, S. (2015). Study on customer engagement model-banking sector. SIES Journal of Management, 11(1).
Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hapsari, R., Hussein, A.S., & Handrito, R.P. (2020). Being fair to customers: A strategy in enhancing customer engagement and loyalty in the Indonesia Mobile Telecommunication Industry. Services Marketing Quarterly, 41(1), 49–67.
Hari, H., Iyer, R., & Sampat, B. (2022). Customer brand engagement through chatbots on bank websites–Examining the antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 38(13), 1212–1227.
Harrigan, P., Evers, U., Miles, M., & Daly, T. (2017). Customer engagement with tourism social media brands. Tourism Management, 59, 597–609.
Harrigan, P., Roy, S.K., & Chen, T. (2020). Do value cocreation and engagement drive brand evangelism? Marketing Intelligence & Planning.
Hemsley-Brown, J., & Alnawas, I. (2016). Service quality and brand loyalty: The mediation effect of brand passion, brand affection and self-brand connection. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Hoehle, H., & Venkatesh, V. (2015). Mobile application usability. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 435–472.
Hollebeek, L.D., & Macky, K. (2019). Digital content marketing’s role in fostering consumer engagement, trust, and value: Framework, fundamental propositions, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 45, 27–41.
Hollebeek, L.D., Glynn, M.S., & Brodie, R.J. (2014). Consumer brand engagement in social media: Conceptualization, scale development and validation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 28(2), 149–165.
Hollebeek, L.D., Sharma, T.G., Pandey, R., Sanyal, P., & Clark, M.K. (2022). Fifteen years of customer engagement research: A bibliometric and network analysis. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 31(2), 293–309.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M.R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
Huang, E.Y., Lin, S.-W., & Fan, Y.-C. (2015). MS-QUAL: Mobile service quality measurement. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(2), 126–142.
Humbani, M., & Wiese, M. (2019). An integrated framework for the adoption and continuance intention to use mobile payment apps. International Journal of Bank Marketing.
Hussain, M., Mollik, A.T., Johns, R., & Rahman, M.S. (2018). M-payment adoption for bottom of pyramid segment: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Bank Marketing.
Ilicic, J., Baxter, S.M., & Kulczynski, A. (2016). The impact of age on consumer attachment to celebrities and endorsed brand attachment. Journal of Brand Management, 23(3), 273–288.
Islam, J.U., & Rahman, Z. (2017). The impact of online brand community characteristics on customer engagement: An application of Stimulus-Organism-Response paradigm. Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 96–109.
Islam, J.U., Hollebeek, L.D., Rahman, Z., Khan, I., & Rasool, A. (2019). Customer engagement in the service context: An empirical investigation of the construct, its antecedents and consequences. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 277–285.
Islam, J.U., Rahman, Z., & Hollebeek, L.D. (2018). Consumer engagement in online brand communities: A solicitation of congruity theory. Internet Research.
Islam, J.U., Shahid, S., Rasool, A., Rahman, Z., Khan, I., & Rather, R.A. (2020). Impact of website attributes on customer engagement in banking: A solicitation of stimulus-organism-response theory. International Journal of Bank Marketing.
Jaakkola, E., & Alexander, M. (2014). The role of customer engagement behavior in value co-creation: A service system perspective. Journal of Service Research, 17(3), 247–261.
Jain, N.K., Kamboj, S., Kumar, V., & Rahman, Z. (2017). Examining consumer-brand relationships on social media platforms. Marketing Intelligence & Planning.
Johnson, V.L., Kiser, A., Washington, R., & Torres, R. (2018). Limitations to the rapid adoption of M-payment services: Understanding the impact of privacy risk on M-Payment services. Computers in Human Behavior, 79, 111–122.
Jones, T., & Taylor, S.F. (2007). The conceptual domain of service loyalty: how many dimensions? Journal of Services Marketing.
Jöreskog, K.G., & Sörbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User’s reference guide. Scientific Software International.
Kaatz, C. (2020). Retail in my pocket–Replicating and extending the construct of service quality into the mobile commerce context. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, 101983.
Karjaluoto, H., Shaikh, A.A., Saarijärvi, H., & Saraniemi, S. (2019). How perceived value drives the use of mobile financial services apps. International Journal of Information Management, 47, 252–261.
Kasabov, E., & Hain, T. (2014). Cross-generational perceptions and reactions during service recovery. The Service Industries Journal, 34(1), 71–87.
Kaufmann, H.R., Petrovici, D.A., Gonçalves Filho, C., & Ayres, A. (2016). Identifying moderators of brand attachment for driving customer purchase intention of original vs counterfeits of luxury brands. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 5735–5747.
Khan, I., Fatma, M., Shamim, A., Joshi, Y., & Rahman, Z. (2020). Gender, loyalty card membership, age, and critical incident recovery: do they moderate experience-loyalty relationship? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 89, 102408.
Kim, C.K., Jun, M., Han, J., Kim, M., & Kim, J.Y. (2013). Antecedents and outcomes of attachment towards smartphone applications. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 11(4), 393–411.
Kim, S., & Baek, T.H. (2018). Examining the antecedents and consequences of mobile app engagement. Telematics and Informatics, 35(1), 148–158.
Kosiba, J.P.B., Boateng, H., Amartey, A.F.O., Boakye, R.O., & Hinson, R. (2018). Examining customer engagement and brand loyalty in retail banking: The trustworthiness influence. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.
Kumar, J., & Nayak, J.K. (2019). Consumer psychological motivations to customer brand engagement: A case of brand community. Journal of Consumer Marketing.
Lee, A.R., & Kim, K.K. (2018). Customer benefits and value co-creation activities in corporate social networking services. Behaviour & Information Technology, 37(7), 675–692.
Levinson, D.J. (1986). A conception of adult development. American Psychologist, 41(1), 3.
Liang, R.D., & Zhang, J.S. (2012). The effect of service interaction orientation on customer satisfaction and behavioral intention: The moderating effect of dining frequency. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics.
Lin, Y., Luo, J., Cai, S., Ma, S., & Rong, K. (2016). Exploring the service quality in the e-commerce context: A triadic view. Industrial Management & Data Systems.
Loh, H.S., Gaur, S.S., & Sharma, P. (2021). Demystifying the link between emotional loneliness and brand loyalty: Mediating roles of nostalgia, materialism, and self‐brand connections. Psychology & Marketing, 38(3), 537–552.
Loureiro, S.M.C. (2017). Exploring the attractiveness of manufacturer brands and retailer own-brands in supermarket context. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.
Loureiro, S.M.C., & Roschk, H. (2014). Differential effects of atmospheric cues on emotions and loyalty intention with respect to age under online/offline environment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(2), 211–219.
Luo, N., Wang, Y., Jin, C., Ni, Y., & Zhang, M. (2019). Effects of socialization interactions on customer engagement in online travel communities. Internet Research.
Malhotra, N., Nunan, D., & Birks, D. (2017). Marketing research: An applied approach. Pearson.
McLean, G. (2018). Examining the determinants and outcomes of mobile app engagement-A longitudinal perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 392–403.
McLean, G., & Wilson, A. (2019). Shopping in the digital world: Examining customer engagement through augmented reality mobile applications. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 210–224.
Mclean, G., Al-Nabhani, K., & Wilson, A. (2018). Developing a mobile applications customer experience model (MACE)-implications for retailers. Journal of Business Research, 85, 325–336.
Mishra, A.S. (2019). Antecedents of consumers’ engagement with brand-related content on social media. Marketing Intelligence & Planning.
Morosan, C., & DeFranco, A. (2015). Disclosing personal information via hotel apps: A privacy calculus perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 47, 120–130.
Muhammad, Z., Yi, F., Naz, A.S., & Muhammad, K. (2014). An empirical study on exploring relationship among information quality, e-satisfaction, e-trust and young generation’s commitment to Chinese online retailing. Journal of Competitiveness, 6(4), 3–18.
Mulaik, S.A., James, L.R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C.D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105(3), 430.
Naqvi, M.H.A., Jiang, Y., & Naqvi, M. (2020). Generating customer engagement in electronic-brand communities: A stimulus–organism–response perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics.
Natarajan, T., Balasubramanian, S.A., & Kasilingam, D.L. (2018). The moderating role of device type and age of users on the intention to use mobile shopping applications. Technology in Society, 53, 79–90.
Obal, M., & Kunz, W. (2013). Trust development in e‐services: A cohort analysis of millennials and baby boomers. Journal of Service Management.
Oh, C., Roumani, Y., Nwankpa, J.K., & Hu, H.-F. (2017). Beyond likes and tweets: Consumer engagement behavior and movie box office in social media. Information & Management, 54(1), 25–37.
Oppong-Tawiah, D., Webster, J., Staples, S., Cameron, A.-F., de Guinea, A.O., & Hung, T.Y. (2020). Developing a gamified mobile application to encourage sustainable energy use in the office. Journal of Business Research, 106, 388–405.
Ozturk, A.B., Bilgihan, A., Nusair, K., & Okumus, F. (2016). What keeps the mobile hotel booking users loyal? Investigating the roles of self-efficacy, compatibility, perceived ease of use, and perceived convenience. International Journal of Information Management, 36(6), 1350–1359.
Pansari, A., & Kumar, V. (2017). Customer engagement: The construct, antecedents, and consequences. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(3), 294–311.
Pappas, I.O., Pateli, A.G., Giannakos, M.N., & Chrissikopoulos, V. (2014). Moderating effects of online shopping experience on customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(3), 187–204.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A., & Malhotra, A. (2005). ES-QUAL: A multiple-item scale for assessing electronic service quality. Journal of Service Research, 7(3), 213–233.
Park, J., Ahn, J., Thavisay, T., & Ren, T. (2019). Examining the role of anxiety and social influence in multi-benefits of mobile payment service. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 140–149.
Peng, N., & Chen, A. (2019). Examining consumers’ luxury hotel stay repurchase intentions-Incorporating a luxury hotel brand attachment variable into a luxury consumption value model. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Pentina, I., Zhang, L., Bata, H., & Chen, Y. (2016). Exploring privacy paradox in information-sensitive mobile app adoption: A cross-cultural comparison. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 409–419.
Peters, T., Işık, Ö., Tona, O., & Popovič, A. (2016). How system quality influences mobile BI use: The mediating role of engagement. International Journal of Information Management, 36(5), 773–783.
Phillips, L.W., & Sternthal, B. (1977). Age differences in information processing: A perspective on the aged consumer. Journal of Marketing Research, 14(4), 444–457.
PrakashYadav, G., & Rai, J. (2017). The Generation Z and their social media usage: A review and a research outline. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 9(2), 110–116.
Prentice, C., Wang, X., & Loureiro, S.M.C. (2019). The influence of brand experience and service quality on customer engagement. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 50–59.
Rajaobelina, L., Tep, S.P., Arcand, M., & Ricard, L. (2021). The relationship of brand attachment and mobile banking service quality with positive word-of-mouth. Journal of Product & Brand Management.
Rasool, A., Shah, F.A., & Islam, J.U. (2020). Customer engagement in the digital age: A review and research agenda. Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 96–100.
Rather, R.A., & Hollebeek, L.D. (2021). Customers’ service-related engagement, experience, and behavioral intent: Moderating role of age. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 60, 102453.
Rather, R.A., Hollebeek, L.D., & Islam, J.U. (2019). Tourism-based customer engagement: The construct, antecedents, and consequences. The Service Industries Journal, 39(7–8), 519–540.
Rhee, H.-L., & Lee, K.-H. (2021). Enhancing the sneakers shopping experience through virtual fitting using augmented reality. Sustainability, 13(11), 6336.
Rosenbaum, M.S., Seger-Guttmann, T., & Giraldo, M. (2017). Commentary: Vulnerable consumers in service settings. Journal of Services Marketing.
Roy, S., Ponnam, A., & Mandal, S. (2017). Comprehending technology attachment in the case of smart phone-applications: An empirical study. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 15(1), 23–43.
Roy, S.K., Balaji, M., Soutar, G., Lassar, W.M., & Roy, R. (2018). Customer engagement behavior in individualistic and collectivistic markets. Journal of Business Research, 86, 281–290.
Sanchez-Franco, M., & Rondan-Cataluna, F.J. (2010). Connection between customer emotions and relationship quality in online music services. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29(6), 633–651.
Sardana, V., & Singhania, S. (2018). Digital technology in the realm of banking: A review of literature. International Journal of Research in Finance and Management, 1(2), 28–32.
Sashi, C., Brynildsen, G., & Bilgihan, A. (2019). Social media, customer engagement and advocacy: An empirical investigation using Twitter data for quick service restaurants. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Schepers, J., & Nijssen, E.J. (2018). Brand advocacy in the frontline: How does it affect customer satisfaction? Journal of Service Management.
Schewe, C.D., & Noble, S.M. (2000). Market segmentation by cohorts: The value and validity of cohorts in America and abroad. Journal of Marketing Management, 16(1–3), 129–142.
Sciarrino, J.A. (2021). Why brand attachment is more important than brand loyalty or preference: Opinion. Retrieved from https://adage.com/article/opinion/why-brand-attachment-more-important-brand-loyalty/2353951#:~:text=Brand%20attachment%20is%20the%20key,brand%20preference%20or%20brand%20loyalty
Shankar, A., Datta, B., & Jebarajakirthy, C. (2019). Are the generic scales enough to measure service quality of mobile banking? A comparative analysis of generic service quality measurement scales to mobile banking context. Services Marketing Quarterly, 40(3), 224–244.
Shankar, A., Jebarajakirthy, C., & Ashaduzzaman, M. (2020). How do electronic word of mouth practices contribute to mobile banking adoption? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52, 101920.
Shimul, A.S. (2022). Brand attachment: A review and future research. Journal of Brand Management, pp. 1–20.
Shimul, A.S., & Phau, I. (2018). Consumer advocacy for luxury brands. Australasian Marketing Journal, 26(3), 264–271.
Shimul, A.S., Sung, B., & Phau, I. (2021). Effects of luxury brand attachment and perceived envy on schadenfreude: Does need for uniqueness moderate? Journal of Consumer Marketing.
So, K.K.F., King, C., Sparks, B.A., & Wang, Y. (2016). The role of customer engagement in building consumer loyalty to tourism brands. Journal of Travel Research, 55(1), 64–78.
Spielmann, N., & Mantonakis, A. (2018). In virtuo: How user-driven interactivity in virtual tours leads to attitude change. Journal of Business Research, 88, 255–264.
Sprott, D., Czellar, S., & Spangenberg, E. (2009). The importance of a general measure of brand engagement on market behavior: Development and validation of a scale. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(1), 92–104.
Tak, P., & Gupta, M. (2021). Examining travel mobile app attributes and its impact on consumer engagement: An application of SOR framework. Journal of Internet Commerce, 20(3), 293–318.
Tarhini, A., Alalwan, A.A., Shammout, A.B., & Al-Badi, A. (2019). An analysis of the factors affecting mobile commerce adoption in developing countries: Towards an integrated model. Review of International Business and Strategy.
Tarhini, A., Hone, K., & Liu, X. (2014). Measuring the moderating effect of gender and age on e-learning acceptance in England: A structural equation modeling approach for an extended technology acceptance model. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 51(2), 163–184.
Tarute, A., Nikou, S., & Gatautis, R. (2017). Mobile application driven consumer engagement. Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 145–156.
Thakur, R. (2018). Customer engagement and online reviews. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 41, 48–59.
Thusi, P., & Maduku, D.K. (2020). South African millennials’ acceptance and use of retail mobile banking apps: An integrated perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 111, 106405.
Trabelsi-Zoghlami, A., Berraies, S., & Ben Yahia, K. (2020). Service quality in a mobile-banking-applications context: Do users’ age and gender matter? Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 31(15–16), 1639–1668.
Tran, T.P., Furner, C.P., & Albinsson, P.A. (2020). Understanding drivers and outcomes of brand attachment in mobile branded apps. Journal of Consumer Marketing.
Tsiotsou, R.H., Alexandris, K., & Bettina Cornwell, T. (2014). Using evaluative conditioning to explain corporate co-branding in the context of sport sponsorship. International Journal of Advertising, 33(2), 295–327.
Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103–113.
Van Doorn, J., Lemon, K.N., Mittal, V., Nass, S., Pick, D., Pirner, P., & Verhoef, P.C. (2010). Customer engagement behavior: Theoretical foundations and research directions. Journal of Service Research, 13(3), 253–266.
VantageResearch. (2022). Mobile Banking Market - Global Industry Assessment Forecast Available. Retrieved from https://www.vantagemarketresearch.com/industry-report/mobile-banking-market-1521#:~:text=Snapshot&text=Market%20Synopsis%3A,11.9%25%20over%20the%20forecast%20perio
Verhagen, T., Swen, E., Feldberg, F., & Merikivi, J. (2015). Benefitting from virtual customer environments: An empirical study of customer engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 340–357.
Vivek, S.D., Beatty, S.E., Dalela, V., & Morgan, R.M. (2014). A generalized multidimensional scale for measuring customer engagement. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 22(4), 401–420.
Wang, W.-T., Ou, W.-M., & Chen, W.-Y. (2019). The impact of inertia and user satisfaction on the continuance intentions to use mobile communication applications: A mobile service quality perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 178–193.
Wells, W.D., & Gubar, G. (1966). Life cycle concept in marketing research. Journal of Marketing Research, 3(4), 355–363.
Wilk, V., Harrigan, P., & Soutar, G.N. (2018). Navigating online brand advocacy (OBA): An exploratory analysis. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 26(1–2), 99–116.
Wilk, V., Soutar, G.N., & Harrigan, P. (2021). Online brand advocacy and brand loyalty: A reciprocal relationship? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics.
Wong, D., Liu, H., Meng-Lewis, Y., Sun, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Gamified money: Exploring the effectiveness of gamification in mobile payment adoption among the silver generation in China. Information Technology & People.
Worldmeters. (2021). Bangladesh Population. Retrieved from https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bangladesh-population/
Wu, L. (2016). Understanding the impact of media engagement on the perceived value and acceptance of advertising within mobile social networks. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 16(1), 59–73.
Xue, K., Wang, L., Gursoy, D., & Song, Z. (2021). Effects of customer-to-customer social interactions in virtual travel communities on brand attachment: The mediating role of social well-being. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38, 100790.
Yang, C., Yang, P., & Feng, Y. (2021). Effect of achievement-related gamification on brand attachment. Industrial Management & Data Systems.
Yang, F.X., & Lau, V.M. (2015). “LuXurY” hotel loyalty–A comparison of Chinese Gen X and Y tourists to Macau. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Yang, S.-B., Lee, K., Lee, H., & Koo, C. (2019). In Airbnb we trust: Understanding consumers’ trust-attachment building mechanisms in the sharing economy. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 83, 198–209.
Ye, B.H., Barreda, A.A., Okumus, F., & Nusair, K. (2019). Website interactivity and brand development of online travel agencies in China: The moderating role of age. Journal of Business Research, 99, 382–389.
Yen, Y.-S., & Wu, F.-S. (2016). Predicting the adoption of mobile financial services: The impacts of perceived mobility and personal habit. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 31–42.
Yu, X., & Yuan, C. (2019). How consumers’ brand experience in social media can improve brand perception and customer equity. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics.
Yuan, S., Liu, L., Su, B., & Zhang, H. (2020). Determining the antecedents of mobile payment loyalty: Cognitive and affective perspectives. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 41, 100971.
Zhang, M., Hu, M., Guo, L., & Liu, W. (2017). Understanding relationships among customer experience, engagement, and word-of-mouth intention on online brand communities: The perspective of service ecosystem. Internet Research.
Zhang, Y. (2000). Using the Internet for survey research: A case study. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51(1), 57–68.
Zhao, Z., & Balagué, C. (2015). Designing branded mobile apps: Fundamentals and recommendations. Business Horizons, 58(3), 305–315.